because tpn solutions are concentrated and can cause thrombosis of peripheral veins, a central venous catheter is usually required. standard solutions contain up to about 25% dextrose, but the amount and concentration depend on other factors, such as metabolic needs and the proportion of caloric needs that are supplied by lipids. if tpn is given outside the hospital, patients must be taught to recognize symptoms of infection, and qualified home nursing must be arranged. plasma glucose should be monitored every …